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A new study suggests that depression often accompanies cognitive impairment but does not precede it. "Traditionally, cognitive complaints and impairment in the presence of depression has been considered to be caused by the depression. Our study suggests that depression is not a cause of dementia but accompanies the onset of cognitive impairment," José Alejandro Luchsinger, MD, MPH, associate professor of medicine and epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, told  Medscape Medical News . The study was  published online  December 31, 2012 in  Archives of Neurology . Transition Time Crucial Period Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have depressive symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying the association remain unclear. "Depression could be a risk factor for dementia, an early dementia symptom, a reaction to cognitive and functional disability, or a symptom of a related risk factor, such as

Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) declined sharply during a study that tested alcohol-impregnated disinfection caps with catheters in place of the standard scrubbing protocol. The suburban Chicago hospitals involved in the study have since adopted the use of the cap as standard practice. Marc-Oliver Wright, MT, MS, CIC, from the Department of Infection Control, NorthShore University Health Systems, Evanston, Illinois, and colleagues reported their results in an article published  in the January issue of the  American Journal of Infection Control . The investigators conducted a 3-phase quasi-experimental study of adults with central lines installed at 3 hospitals in 2009: first with standard scrub protocol, second (intervention) with the cap used, and third with standard scrub used again. At a fourth hospital, they tested just the intervention because of limited resources. The plastic-threaded cap houses a sponge saturated with 70% isopropyl alcohol. The

Mothers appear to be the source of most neonatal group B Streptococcus  (GBS) late-onset disease (LOD) infections, according to a the results of a prospective cohort study. In addition, preterm neonates have a high rate (1.4/1000 births) of group B  Streptococcus  (GBS) late-onset disease (LOD). They also carry the highest rate of mortality. Intrapartum antibiotics are associated with milder LOD (mild vs severe;  P  = .03) and delayed presentation of symptoms. Alberto Berardi, MD, from the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Proclinico in Moddena, Italy, and colleagues published the results of their online January 7 in  Pediatrics . They evaluated GBS-LOD infections during an 8-year period between 2003 and 2010. The study included a high percentage of preterm newborns. LOD primarily presented as sepsis, meningitis, and/or focal infection. The investigators found that the earlier the presentation of LOD, the higher the risk for meningitis and death. Approximately 50% of the prete

On December 28, 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the anti-clotting drug Eliquis (apixaban), an oral tablet used to reduce the risk of stroke and dangerous blood clots (systemic embolism) in patients with atrial fibrillation that is not caused by a heart valve problem. Atrial fibrillation, one of the most common types of abnormal heart rhythm, is an abnormal, irregular, and rapid beating of the heart in which the heart’s two upper chambers (atria) do not contract properly, allowing blood clots to form in them. These clots can break off and travel to the brain or other parts of the body.

December 31, 2012 Drug Name Active Ingredient Dosage Form/Route Sponsor Submission Type Disulfiram disulfiram Tablet; Oral Vintage Pharms Approval Fulyzaq crofelemer Tablet, Delayed Release; Oral Salix Pharms Approval Pregabalin pregabalin Capsule; Oral Sandoz Inc Tentative Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Teva Pharms Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet, Orally Disintegrating; Oral Mylan Pharma Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Sandoz Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Natco Pharma Ltd Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Glenmark Generics Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Mylan Pharms Inc Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Sun Pharma Global Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet; Oral Apotex Corp Approval Rizatriptan Benzoate rizatriptan benzoate Tablet;

January 3, 2013 Drug Name Active Ingredient Dosage Form/Route Sponsor Submission Type Aleve naproxen sodium Tablet; Oral Bayer Manufacturing Change or Addition Ondansetron Hydrochloride Preservative Free ondansetron hydrochloride Injectable; Injection Emcure Pharms Ltd Approval Prozac fluoxetine hydrochloride Capsule; Oral Eli Lilly and Co Labeling Revision Prozac Weekly fluoxetine hydrochloride Capsule, Delayed Rel Pellets; Oral Lilly Labeling Revision Sarafem fluoxetine hydrochloride Capsule; Oral Eli Lilly and Co Labeling Revision Symbyax fluoxetine hydrochloride; olanzapine Capsule; Oral Lilly Labeling Revision

A more than 10-fold increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) infections drove a surge in pediatric  Staphylococcus -associated hospitalizations that peaked in 2006, according to an analysis of 25 years of pediatric hospital discharge data in California. The study, published online December 12 in  Emerging Infectious Diseases , found that children hospitalized for staphylococcal infections had longer hospital stays and higher mortality risk than children hospitalized for other causes. Kathleen Gutierrez, MD, associate professor, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, and colleagues examined the hospital discharge data from 1985 to 2009 for 140,265 children and found that the number of staphylococcal infections rose from 49 per 100,000 children to a peak of 83 per 100,000 children in 2006 before falling to 73 per 100,000 in 2009. The records came from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, which maintains a hospital di