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Vitamin D levels in early pregnancy are closely related to birth weight, head circumference and ponderal index, but not placental growth, in term infants, according to a study published online  November 16 and in the January 2013 issue of the  Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism . Alison D. Gernand, PhD, MPH, a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and School of Medicine in Pennsylvania, and colleagues measured maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels to study the relationship between maternal 25(OH)D levels and newborn and placental weight. Participants were mothers who took part in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, an observational cohort that was conducted in 12 medical centers in the United States from 1959 to 1965. "Our study is an important contribution to the epidemiology evidence that maternal vitamin D status, especially in early pregnancy, may contribut...

Some researchers call hypertension a "triple curse" for African Americans, especially those aged 45 to 65 years. It's well known that the prevalence of hypertension is much higher among blacks than whites. And recent research showed that African Americans are more likely than whites to be aware of having hypertension and to be treated for it, but less likely to have it controlled. Now, a new study has found that a 10–mm Hg increase in blood pressure is associated with a 3 times greater increase in stroke risk among blacks compared with whites. "African Americans are more likely to be hypertensive, and once they're hypertensive, they're less likely to have their blood pressure controlled; and once it's not controlled, it's 3 times worse" in terms of stroke risk, said lead author George Howard, DrPH, professor, biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham. Together, this amounts to what he referred to as a ...

A web-based strategy to determine whether a child with influenza-like illness requires immediate emergency department (ED) care showed good sensitivity, appropriately selecting children who did need care, but low specificity, selecting many children who did not really need ED care, according to a new report. Rebecca Anhang Price, PhD, from the RAND Corporation in Arlington, Virginia, and colleagues report their findings in an article  published online  December 12 in the  Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine . According to the researchers, "self-triage" using web-based decision support may be useful in helping patients and caregivers seeking appropriate medical attention. "However, the feasibility and safety of this strategy have not previously been evaluated," they write. Dr. Price and colleagues assessed the usability and safety of a web-based decision support tool called Strategy for Off-Site Rapid Triage for Kids. The tool is designed to transl...

Two different lifestyle interventions modeled after those delivered in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) produced significant weight loss among overweight or obese adults in a primary care setting, according to a study  published online December 10 in the  Archives of Internal Medicine  by Jun Ma, MD, PhD, from the Department of Health Services Research, Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, and the Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, and colleagues. "Until recently, rigorous trial evidence on effective, scalable treatment models in primary care practice has been lacking," the authors write. The Evaluation of Lifestyle Interventions to Treat Elevated Cardiometabolic Risk in Primary Care trial design is a 3-group, randomized study that compared both a coach-led, in-person weekly group intervention and a self-directed DVD intervention with usual care. The interventions were adapted from those used in ...

Older adults who are depressed, stressed, or dissatisfied with their life are at increased risk of suffering a stroke and of dying from a stroke, a new study has found. The study showed that those who faced the highest level of psychosocial distress had a significantly increased risk of having a stroke and up to 3 times the risk of stroke mortality compared with those with the least amount of distress. "Our findings clearly document important adverse effects of psychosocial distress on cerebrovascular disease risk in the elderly," write the authors, including senior author Susan Everson-Rose, PhD, associate professor of medicine and associate director of the Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. The study is published online December 13 in  Stroke . Distress Score The study used data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), an ongoing, longitudinal study investigating chronic illnesses in elderly residents of 3 ad...

Contact precautions, including gloves, gowns, and isolated rooms, have helped stem the transmission of hospital pathogens but have also had some negative consequences, according to findings from a new study. Healthcare worker (HCWs) visited patients on contact precautions less frequently than other patients and spent less time with those patients when they did visit, report Daniel J. Morgan, MD, from the University of Maryland School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs (VA) Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, and colleagues. Moreover, patients on contact precautions also received fewer outside visitors. "Less contact with HCWs suggests that other unintended consequences of contact precautions still exist," Dr. Morgan and coauthors write. "The resulting decrease in HCW contact may lead to increased adverse events and a lower quality of patient care due to less consistent patient monitoring and poorer adherence to standard adverse event prevention methods (such...

September 19, 2012 Drug Name Active Ingredient Dosage Form/Route Sponsor Submission Type Doxil doxorubicin hydrochloride Injectable, Liposomal; Injection Janssen R and D Labeling Revision Prevacid 24 Hr lansoprazole Capsule, Delayed Rel Pellets; Oral Novartis Labeling Revision